Fluid, electrolyte and acid–base disorders associated with antibiotic therapy

Antibiotic treatment can lead to a wide spectrum of disturbances in the electrolyte and/or acid–base balance, despite a preserved glomerular filtration rate. This Review describes how each nephron segment is affected by antibiotic treatment and discusses the mechanisms that lead to disrupted renal tubular function. This insight should pave the way for pathophysiology-directed treatment of these disorders.