The present investigation deals with the morphological, physical and spectroscopic characteristics of the cocoon and silk yarn such as cocoon length, breadth, weight, filament length, denier, tensile strength of twelve wild silk moth species collected from different areas of North Eastern Region of India. Further, for more precise observation, i.e. crystalline and the amorphous structure were characterized by using different spectroscopic techniques such as WAXD, XPS and SEM analysis. The paper also highlights the important economic parameters of wild collected and reared cocoons which were degummed and reeled/spun on reeling machine or spinning wheel for yarn analysis. This is the first report to study this morphological and spectroscopic characterization, i.e. colour, filament length, denier, tensile strength, WAXD, SEM and XPS analysis of silk varieties of North East India. © 2022, The National Academy of Sciences, India.