Heterogeneous expression of endothelial connexin (Cx) 37, Cx40, and Cx43 in rat large veins

Gap junctions are clusters of transmembrane protein channels for intercellular communication and are composed of connexin (Cx). The vascular endothelial cells express Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43. We herein examined the spatial distribution of the endothelial connexins Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 in rat large veins including the cranial vena cava, thoracic section of the caudal vena cava, and abdominal section of the caudal vena cava. We also examined the mean size of the endothelial cells and quantified the protein expression levels of the endothelial connexins. We found that the large veins heterogeneously expressed Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 as follows: Cx40 > Cx37 > > Cx43 in the cranial vena cava, Cx37 > Cx43 > > Cx40 in the thoracic section of the caudal vena cava, and Cx40 > Cx43 > > Cx37 in the abdominal section of the caudal vena cava. Double immunostaining of two of the endothelial connexins revealed that the gap-junction plaques were composed of various combinations of endothelial connexins. The mean size of the endothelial cells was large, moderate, or small in the cranial vena cava, the abdominal section of the caudal vena cava, or the thoracic section of the caudal vena cava, respectively. The heterogeneity of the endothelial cells of the rat large veins in terms of the connexin expression suggests that the endothelial cells are differently coupled in the large veins. The present data are useful for investigating, for example, disease-related alterations in expression of endothelial connexins in large veins.