Mechanism and principles of organization of catalytic radical heterogeneous-homogeneous processes

The mechanisms and regularities of unbranched radical-chain reactions are considered using the example of the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons or dichloroethane involving heterogeneous catalysts. The phenomenological model of such reactions and experimental proof of its validity are presented. An effect of “ignition” of the catalyst activity is discovered, and its nature is explained. The concept of “catalysis sphere” is introduced, and the conditions of its existence and functioning are determined. The experimental criteria for the occurrence of the sphere are found. The offered mechanism creates the possibility for a purposeful selection and synthesis of catalysts and for a choice of means of the technological organization of the heterogeneous-homogeneous processes with the participation of radicals.