Predominance of CK2α over CK2α′ in the mammalian brain

CK2 is a heterotetrameric ubiquitous kinase consisting of two catalytic subunits and two regulatory subunits. The two catalytic subunits, α and α′, are highly homologous but differ in their C-terminal regions. It is not known whether CK2α and α′ have distinctive substrate specificity, since no α- or α′-specific substrate has been identified. Thus, it is assumed that the two kinase isoforms overlap in their substrate specificity. CK2 protein levels and activity were found to be elevated in the brain when compared to other organs. Here we have studied the protein levels of CK2α and α′ isoforms in nine major brain regions. We found that both, CK2α and α′, are expressed in all brain regions tested. Whereas CK2α levels do not vary strongly across the regions, CK2α′ levels are slightly higher in the cortex and hippocampus than in other regions. Furthermore, we show that CK2α protein levels in the striatum are relatively high when compared to CK2α′. The approximate stoichiometry ratio of CK2α:CK2α′ is 8:1. Therefore, one can consider that CK2α levels are predominant in comparison to CK2α′ levels throughout the mammalian brain.