Preventive effect of different dosage of recombinant human erythropoietin on anemia of premature infants

To assess the efficacy and the optimum dose of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) on the anemia of premature, 45 preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 35 weeks and birth weight of less 1 800 g were randomly assigned to treatment group 1 (n = 15, receiving subcutaneous rhEpo 150 U/kg · time), treatment group 2 (n =15, receiving 250 U/kg · time), three times a week for 6 weeks, and control group (n =15, no treatment was given). All preterm infants received supplements of vitamin E (20 IU) and iron (20 mg) each day. Our results showed that postnatal decline of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were lessened in the treatment groups, particularly in the group 2 and the differences were very significant (P<0.0001 for all). Treated infants had significantly higher reticulocyte counts (Ret) (P<0.0001 for all), but there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups (P > 0.05). Serum iron dropped significantly in the treatment groups as compared with control group (P<0.01 for all), but no dose-dependent relationship was observed in treated infants (P>0.05). After treatment, serum levels of erythropoietin was higher in group 2 than those in group 1 and control group (P<0.0001,P<0.01 andP<0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between group 1 and control group (P>0.05). No side effects related to rhEpo therapy were observed. Our study suggested that rhEpo therapy stimulates endogenous erythropoiesis and enhances Ret, Hct and level of Hb in a dose-dependent manner in premature infants. The therapy is more efficient when given in higher dosages.