Patterns and Trends in Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Before and During Pregnancy: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 2016–2019

[1] Jordanov J(1990)Cotinine concentrations in amniotic fluid and urine of smoking, passive smoking and non-smoking pregnant women at term and in the urine of their neonates on 1st day of life European Journal of Pediatrics 149 734-737

[2] Luck W(1985)Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and urine of infants exposed via passive smoking or milk from smoking mothers Journal of Pediatrics 107 816-820

[3] Nau H(2010)Long-term consequences of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure: A critical review Toxicological Sciences 116 364-374

[4] Bruin JE(2018)The use of electronic cigarettes in pregnancy: A review of the literature Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 73 544-549

[5] Gerstein HC(2016)The role of nicotine in the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on lung development and childhood respiratory disease Implications for dangers of e-cigarettes American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 193 486-94

[6] Holloway AC(2021)An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health Respiratory Research 22 151-9

[7] Whittington JR(2020)Electronic cigarettes may not be a “safer alternative” of conventional cigarettes during pregnancy: Evidence from the nationally representative PRAMS data BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 20 1-847

[8] Simmons PM(2020)History and current trends in the electronic cigarette retail marketplace in the United States: 2010–2016 Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22 843-27

[9] Phillips AM(2015)Trends in awareness and use of electronic cigarettes among U.S.. adults, 2010–2013 Nicotine & Tobacco Research 17 219-1398

[10] Spindel ER(2020)Trends in e-cigarette use in adults in the United States, 2016–2018 JAMA Internal Medicine 180 1394-e511

[1] Jordanov J(1990)Cotinine concentrations in amniotic fluid and urine of smoking, passive smoking and non-smoking pregnant women at term and in the urine of their neonates on 1st day of life European Journal of Pediatrics 149 734-737

[2] Luck W(1985)Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and urine of infants exposed via passive smoking or milk from smoking mothers Journal of Pediatrics 107 816-820

[3] Nau H(2010)Long-term consequences of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure: A critical review Toxicological Sciences 116 364-374

[4] Bruin JE(2018)The use of electronic cigarettes in pregnancy: A review of the literature Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 73 544-549

[5] Gerstein HC(2016)The role of nicotine in the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on lung development and childhood respiratory disease Implications for dangers of e-cigarettes American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 193 486-94

[6] Holloway AC(2021)An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health Respiratory Research 22 151-9

[7] Whittington JR(2020)Electronic cigarettes may not be a “safer alternative” of conventional cigarettes during pregnancy: Evidence from the nationally representative PRAMS data BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 20 1-847

[8] Simmons PM(2020)History and current trends in the electronic cigarette retail marketplace in the United States: 2010–2016 Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22 843-27

[9] Phillips AM(2015)Trends in awareness and use of electronic cigarettes among U.S.. adults, 2010–2013 Nicotine & Tobacco Research 17 219-1398

[10] Spindel ER(2020)Trends in e-cigarette use in adults in the United States, 2016–2018 JAMA Internal Medicine 180 1394-e511