Remittances, Institutions, and Economic Growth in North African Countries

This paper seeks to investigate the causal links between remittances, economic freedom, and economic growth on a panel of four North African countries, namely, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, and Egypt from 1980 to 2012. Using the system generalized method of moments (GMM) in a panel data analysis, we found strong evidence of a positive relationship between remittances and economic growth. We also found that economic freedom appears to be working as a complement to remittances and, that the effect of remittances is more pronounced in the presence of the economic freedom variable. Thus, to the extent that remittances have become a major source of external development finance, policies promoting greater freedom of economic activities benefit more from the presence of remittances.