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From city marketing to city branding: Towards a theoretical framework for developing city brands
被引：5
作者：
Michalis Kavaratzis
机构：
[1] Urban and Regional Studies Institute,
[2] Faculty of Spatial Sciences,undefined
[3] University of Groningen,undefined
来源：
Place Branding
|
2004年
/
1卷
/
1期
关键词：
City branding;
city marketing;
corporate branding;
city image;
city branding variables;
D O I：
10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990005
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Cities all over Europe include more and more marketing techniques and methods in their administration practice and governing philosophy. The transfer of marketing knowledge, however, to the operational environment of cities proves a cause of difficulties and misalignments, mostly due to the peculiar nature of places in general and cities in particular as marketable assets.
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页码：58 / 73
页数：15
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