Tsunami hazard and buildings vulnerability along the Northern Atlantic coast of Morocco –the 1755-like tsunami in Asilah test-site

被引：0
作者：
El Moussaoui S. [1 ]
Omira R. [2 ,3 ]
Zaghloul M.N. [1 ]
El Talibi H. [4 ]
Aboumaria K. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier
[2] Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, IPMA, I. P, Lisbon
[3] Instituto Dom Luiz, University of Lisbon, IDL, Lisbon
[4] Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Mohammed the first, Al Hoceima
来源：
Geoenvironmental Disasters | / 4卷 / 1期
关键词：
Inundation; Morocco; Numerical modeling; Tide effect; Tsunami; Vulnerability;
D O I：
10.1186/s40677-017-0089-6
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Background: The Atlantic Coast of Morocco is prone to tsunami inundation. Therefore, in this region, earthquake-induced tsunami hazard has been intensively investigated leading to the development of a number of coastal inundation models. However, tsunami vulnerability remains not well understood to the same extent as the hazard. In this study, we use high-resolution numerical modeling, detailed field survey and GIS-based multi-criteria analysis to assess the building tsunami vulnerability and its sensitivity to the tide variations. Asilah located in the northwestern Atlantic coast of Morocco, where the impact from the 1755 tsunami is well documented, constitutes the area of this study. Results: To model the source-to-coast tsunami processes we used the COMCOT (Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model) numerical code on a set of bathymetric/topographic grid layers (640 m, 160 m, 40 m and 10 m resolutions) with an initial sea-surface perturbation generated using Okada’s formulae and assuming an instantaneous seabed displacement. The tsunami source models in this study correspond to four 1755-like earthquake scenarios. Results show that Asilah’s built environment is highly vulnerable to the tsunami impact that can range from 1.99 to 2.46 km 2 of inundation area, depending on the source and the tidal level considered. The level of building vulnerability decreases considerably when moving away from Asilah’s coastline. Moreover, the variation in the tidal level introduces large change in the modeled tsunami impact and, therefore, affects the level of building vulnerability. Conclusion: Thus, we suggest considering the effect of the tide when simulating tsunami hazard and vulnerability, particularly, in coasts where tidal variations are significant. This study provides hazard and vulnerability maps that can be useful to develop the tsunami awareness of the Moroccan coastal population. © 2017, The Author(s).
引用
收藏
相关论文
共 72 条
[41]  
Mhammdi N., Medina F., Kelletat D., Ahmamou M.F., Aloussi L., Large boulders along the Rabat coast (Morocco)
[42]  
possible emplacement by the November, 1st, 1755 a.D. tsunami. Science of tsunami hazards, (2008)
[43]  
Miller G.R., Munk W.H., Snodgrass F.E., Long-period waves over California’s continental borderland, II, tsunamis, Journal of Marine Research, 20, pp. 31-41, (1962)
[44]  
Mofjeld H.O., GonzaLez F.I., Bernard E.N., Newman J.C., Forecasting the heights of later waves in Pacific-wide tsunamis, Natural Hazards, 22, pp. 71-89, (2000)
[45]  
Mofjeld H.O., Gonzalez F.I., Titov V.V., Venturato A.J., Newman J.C., Effects of tides on maximum tsunami Wave Heights: Probability distributions, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 24, pp. 117-123, (2007)
[46]  
Omira R., Baptista M.A., Matias L., Miranda J.M., Catita C., Carrilho F., Toto E., Design of a sea-Level Tsunami Detection Network for the Gulf of Cadiz, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, pp. 1327-1338, (2009)
[47]  
Omira R., Baptista M.A., Miranda J.M., Toto E., Catita C., Catalao J., Tsunami vulnerability assessment of Casablanca-Morocco using numerical modelling and GIS tools, Natural Hazards, 54, pp. 75-95, (2010)
[48]  
Omira R., Baptista M.A., Miranda J.M., Evaluating tsunami impact on the Gulf of Cadiz coast (Northeast Atlantic), Pure and Applied Geophysics, 168, pp. 1033-1043, (2011)
[49]  
Omira R., Baptista M.A., Mellas S., Leone F., Meschinet de Richemond N., Zourarah B., Cherel J.-P., The November, 1st, 1755 tsunami in Morocco: Can numerical modeling clarify the uncertainties of historical reports?, (2012)
[50]  
Omira R., Baptista M.A., Leone F., Matias L., Mellas S., Zourarah B., Miranda J.M., Carrilho F., Cherel J.-P., Performance of coastal sea-defense infrastructure at el Jadida (Morocco) against tsunami threat: Lessons learned from the Japanese 11 march 2011 tsunami, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, pp. 1779-1794, (2013)
12345678