Rapid emergence from dexmedetomidine sedation in Sprague Dawley rats by repurposing an α2-adrenergic receptor competitive antagonist in combination with caffeine

[21] Hartman RE(2020)The Pharmacokinetics of Medetomidine Administered Subcutaneously during Isoflurane Anaesthesia in Sprague-Dawley Rats Anim 10 1050-1085

[22] Izumi Y(2008)High dose dexmedetomidine as the sole sedative for pediatric MRI Pediatr Anesth 18 403-11

[23] Benshoff ND(2020)Caffeine reverses the unconsciousness produced by light anesthesia in the continued presence of isoflurane in rats PLoS One. 15 e0241818-288

[24] Dikranian K(2011)Dexmedetomidine as Part of Balanced Anesthesia Care in Children With Malignant Hyperthermia Risk and Egg Allergy J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 16 113-3559

[25] Zorumski CF(2009)Dexmedetomidine attenuates isoflurane-induced neurocognitive impairment in neonatal rats Anesthesiol 110 1077-135

[26] Zanghi CN(2018)Effect of Anesthesia on the Developing Brain: Infant and Fetus Fetal Diagn Ther 43 1-1340

[27] Jevtovic-Todorovic V(1993)Coupling of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor to the inhibitory G-protein Gi and adenylate cyclase in HT29 cells Biochem J 292 283-920

[28] Sottas CE(2005)Spinal G-Protein-Gated Potassium Channels Contribute in a Dose-Dependent Manner to the Analgesic Effect of - and - But Not -Opioids J Neurosci 25 3551-73

[29] Anderson BJ(1991)μ-Opioid-receptor-mediated inhibidon of the N-type calcium-channel current Proc R Soc Lond B 244 129-39

[30] Daiello LA(2014)Caffeine accelerates recovery from general anesthesia J Neurophysiol 111 1331-23

[21] Hartman RE(2020)The Pharmacokinetics of Medetomidine Administered Subcutaneously during Isoflurane Anaesthesia in Sprague-Dawley Rats Anim 10 1050-1085

[22] Izumi Y(2008)High dose dexmedetomidine as the sole sedative for pediatric MRI Pediatr Anesth 18 403-11

[23] Benshoff ND(2020)Caffeine reverses the unconsciousness produced by light anesthesia in the continued presence of isoflurane in rats PLoS One. 15 e0241818-288

[24] Dikranian K(2011)Dexmedetomidine as Part of Balanced Anesthesia Care in Children With Malignant Hyperthermia Risk and Egg Allergy J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 16 113-3559

[25] Zorumski CF(2009)Dexmedetomidine attenuates isoflurane-induced neurocognitive impairment in neonatal rats Anesthesiol 110 1077-135

[26] Zanghi CN(2018)Effect of Anesthesia on the Developing Brain: Infant and Fetus Fetal Diagn Ther 43 1-1340

[27] Jevtovic-Todorovic V(1993)Coupling of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor to the inhibitory G-protein Gi and adenylate cyclase in HT29 cells Biochem J 292 283-920

[28] Sottas CE(2005)Spinal G-Protein-Gated Potassium Channels Contribute in a Dose-Dependent Manner to the Analgesic Effect of - and - But Not -Opioids J Neurosci 25 3551-73

[29] Anderson BJ(1991)μ-Opioid-receptor-mediated inhibidon of the N-type calcium-channel current Proc R Soc Lond B 244 129-39

[30] Daiello LA(2014)Caffeine accelerates recovery from general anesthesia J Neurophysiol 111 1331-23