The influence of methyl groups on the torsion angle and on the energetics of 1-phenylpyrrole derivatives: a thermodynamic and computational study

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作者
Ana Filipa L. O. M. Santos
Manuel A. V. Ribeiro da Silva
机构
[1] University of Porto,Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science
来源
Structural Chemistry | 2013年 / 24卷
关键词
Standard molar enthalpy of formation; Combustion calorimetry; Knudsen effusion technique; Pyrrole derivatives; 1-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrole; 2,5-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde; G3(MP2)//B3LYP computational calculations; Molecular structure;
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摘要
Calorimetric and effusion techniques, complemented by computational calculations were combined to determine the standard (po = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation, in the gaseous phase, ΔfHmo(g)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Updelta_{\text{f}} H_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}} \left( {\text{g}} \right)$$\end{document}, at T = 298.15 K, of 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrole and 2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde, as (107.2 ± 2.7) and (25.9 ± 3.2) kJ mol−1, respectively. These values were derived from the respective standard molar enthalpies of formation, in the crystalline phase, ΔfHmo(cr)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\Updelta}}_{\text{f}} H_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}} \left( {\text{cr}} \right)$$\end{document}, at T = 298.15 K, obtained from combustion calorimetry measurements, and from the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K, determined by the Knudsen effusion mass-loss method. The gas-phase enthalpies of formation of both experimentally studied compounds were also estimated by G3(MP2)//B3LYP computations, using a set of working reactions; the results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data. With this computational approach, the enthalpies of formation of 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)pyrrole, 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-methylpyrrole, 1-phenyl-3-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde and 2-methyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolecarboxaldehyde were also estimated and a value for their ΔfHmo(g)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\Updelta}}_{\text{f}} H_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}} \left( {\text{g}} \right)$$\end{document} has been defined. Moreover, the molecular structures of the six molecules were established, their geometrical parameters were determined and the influence of methyl groups in the pyrrole ring (2 and 5 positions) on the phenyl/pyrrole torsion angle was analyzed. All the results were also interpreted in terms of enthalpic increments.
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页码:1981 / 1992
页数:11
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