Fracture characterization of high-density polyethylene pipe materials using the J\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$J$$\end{document}-integral and the essential work of fracture

In this paper, fracture mechanics concepts are reviewed and their relevance to examine the toughness of highly deformable materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe materials is discussed. Using two different specimen configurations (single edge notched bending and compact tension), it was found that the J-R\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$J-R$$\end{document} approach is unable to give pertinent indications on fracture toughness of HDPE. Alternatively, applying the essential work of fracture approach to double edge notched tension specimen, seems a more appropriate way to measure the fracture strength of HDPE and therefore to analyze the fracture process of such materials. Nevertheless, the severe necking occurring at the crack tip and in the plastic zone makes difficult the crack growth measurement, which clearly depends on the strain state and on the stress triaxiality level.