Multi-party quantum secret sharing based on two special entangled states

A multi-party quantum secret sharing protocol using two entangled states, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} $\left| {\Phi _0 \rangle = \tfrac{1} {{\sqrt 2 }}\left( {| + \rangle ^{ \otimes n} + | - \rangle ^{ \otimes n} } \right)} \right. $ \end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} $\left| {\Phi _1 \rangle = \tfrac{1} {{\sqrt 2 }}\left( {| + \rangle ^{ \otimes n} + | - \rangle ^{ \otimes n} } \right)} \right. $ \end{document}, is proposed and analyzed. In this protocol, without requiring to generate any photon or do any local unitary operation, an agent can obtain a shadow of the secret key by simply performing a measurement of single photon. Furthermore, the security of the protocol is analyzed. It shows that no agent can obtain the manager’s secret without the help of the other agents, and any eavesdropper will be detected if he/she tries to steal the manager’s secret under ideal or noisy quantum channels.