25-hydroxycholesterol promotes proliferation and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells by regulating ERβ/TNFRSF17 axis

Lung adenocarcinoma is the main type of lung cancer in women. Our previous findings have evidenced that 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) promotes migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells (LAC), during which LXR as a 25-HC receptor plays an important role. Estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) is a receptor of 27-hydroxycholesterol that is structurally analogous to 25-HC, but its role in the functional actions of 25-HC remained largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that 25-HC treatment triggered ER beta expression in LAC. Knockdown of ER beta inhibited 25-HC-mediated proliferation, migration and invasion, and reduced 25-HC-induced LAC metastasis in vivo. Further investigation revealed that ER beta knockdown restrained the expression of TNFRSF17 (BCMA). In vivo experiments also confirmed that ER beta knockdown blocked 25-HC-induced TNFRSF17 expression. TNFRSF17 knockdown also restrained 25-HC-induced proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the levels of ER beta and TNFRSF17 were elevated in lung adenocarcinoma, and were closely related to tumor stages and nodal metastasis status. These results suggested that 25-HC promoted the proliferation and metastasis of LAC by regulating ER beta/TNFRSF17 axis.