Local Hopf bifurcation and global existence of periodic solutions in TCP system

This paper investigates the dynamics of a TCP system described by a first-order nonlinear delay differential equation. By analyzing the associated characteristic transcendental equation, it is shown that a Hopf bifurcation sequence occurs at the positive equilibrium as the delay passes through a sequence of critical values. The explicit algorithms for determining the Hopf bifurcation direction and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are derived with the normal form theory and the center manifold theory. The global existence of periodic solutions is also established with the method of Wu (Wu, J. H. Symmetric functional differential equations and neural networks with memory.