New advances for haptic rendering: state of the art

During the last decade, haptics has been a new emerged and interesting subject for many researchers, which can be classified into three topics such as human haptics, machine haptics and computer haptics. Haptic rendering is the most important technology for computer haptics, which means the process of calculating the force or tactile feedback to give the user a sense of touch or interaction with the virtual object. This paper provides a detailed and comprehensive survey of the methods and technologies for haptic rendering in the past 5 years, mainly from 2010–2015, including haptic rendering for rigid–rigid interaction, haptic rendering for rigid–deformable interaction, haptic rendering for rigid–fluid interaction, haptic rendering for image- and video-based interaction, and texture and tactile rendering. The main research efforts and the typical algorithms are discussed, and the new ideas and research progresses are investigated, then the conclusions and future directions are summarized.