Therapeutically relevant structural and functional mechanisms triggered by physical and cognitive exercise

被引：138

作者：

Suo, C. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Singh, M. F. ^{[5
,6
,7
]}

Gates, N. ^{[1
,2
,4
]}

Wen, W. ^{[4
,8
]}

Sachdev, P. ^{[4
,8
]}

Brodaty, H. ^{[4
,9
]}

Saigal, N. ^{[10
]}

Wilson, G. C. ^{[10
]}

Meiklejohn, J. ^{[10
]}

Singh, N. ^{[10
]}

Baune, B. T. ^{[10
,11
]}

Baker, M. ^{[5
,6
,12
]}

Foroughi, N. ^{[13
]}

Wang, Y. ^{[10
,14
]}

Mavros, Y. ^{[5
,6
]}

Lampit, A. ^{[1
]}

Leung, I. ^{[1
]}

Valenzuela, M. J. ^{[1
,15
,16
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Sydney, Regenerat Neurosci Grp, Brain & Mind Ctr, 94 Mallett St, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia

[2] Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[3] Monash Univ, Monash Inst Cognit & Clin Neurosci, Sch Psychol Sci, Brain & Mental Hlth Lab, Clayton, Vic, Australia

[4] Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat, Ctr Healthy Brain Ageing, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[5] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia

[6] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia

[7] Tufts Univ, Res Ctr Aging, Hebrew SeniorLife & Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA

[8] Prince Wales Hosp, Neuropsychiatr Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[9] Univ New South Wales, Dementia Collaborat Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[10] Univ Sydney, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Fac Hlth Sci, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia

[11] Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Adelaide, SA, Australia

[12] Australian Catholic Univ, Sch Exercise Sci, Strathfield, NSW, Australia

[13] Univ Sydney, Clin & Rehabil Res Grp, Fac Hlth Sci, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia

[14] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA

[15] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Diabet, San Francisco, CA USA

[16] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia

来源：

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY | 2016年 / 21卷 / 11期

基金：

澳大利亚国家健康与医学研究理事会; 英国医学研究理事会;

关键词：

WHITE-MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES; POSTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; DEFAULT-MODE NETWORK; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; AEROBIC EXERCISE; MENTAL ACTIVITY; OLDER-ADULTS; HIPPOCAMPAL CONNECTIVITY; TRAINING SMART;

D O I：

10.1038/mp.2016.19

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Physical and cognitive exercise may prevent or delay dementia in later life but the neural mechanisms underlying these therapeutic benefits are largely unknown. We examined structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain changes after 6 months of progressive resistance training (PRT), computerized cognitive training (CCT) or combined intervention. A total of 100 older individuals (68 females, average age = 70.1, s. d. +/- 6.7, 55-87 years) with dementia prodrome mild cognitive impairment were recruited in the SMART (Study of Mental Activity and Resistance Training) Trial. Participants were randomly assigned into four intervention groups: PRT+CCT, PRT+SHAM CCT, CCT+SHAM PRT and double SHAM. Multimodal MRI was conducted at baseline and at 6 months of follow-up (immediately after training) to measure structural and spontaneous functional changes in the brain, with a focus on the hippocampus and posterior cingulate regions. Participants' cognitive changes were also assessed before and after training. We found that PRT but not CCT significantly improved global cognition (F(90) = 4.1, P<0.05) as well as expanded gray matter in the posterior cingulate (Pcorrected <0.05), and these changes were related to each other (r = 0.25, P = 0.03). PRT also reversed progression of white matter hyperintensities, a biomarker of cerebrovascular disease, in several brain areas. In contrast, CCT but not PRT attenuated decline in overall memory performance (F(90) = 5.7, P<0.02), mediated by enhanced functional connectivity between the hippocampus and superior frontal cortex. Our findings indicate that physical and cognitive training depend on discrete neuronal mechanisms for their therapeutic efficacy, information that may help develop targeted lifestyle-based preventative strategies.

引用

页码：1633 / 1642

页数：10

共 87 条

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