HMF synthesis in aqueous and organic media under ultrasonication, microwave irradiation and conventional heating

被引:0
|
作者
Naser Esmaeili
Mohammad Jalal Zohuriaan-Mehr
Hossein Bouhendi
Gholam Bagheri-Marandi
机构
[1] Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute,Biomass Conversion Science and Technology (BCST) Division
[2] Islamic Azad University,Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch
来源
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering | 2016年 / 33卷
关键词
Hydroxymethyl Furfural; Synthesis; Ultrasonication; Microwave Irradiation; Fructose Dehydration;
D O I
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中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) is known as a noteworthy platform in a biorefinery concept. HMF was prepared via fructose dehydration in aqueous and organic media, using three methods, i.e., conventional heating, ultrasonication and microwave irradiation. Water, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), methyl ethyl ketone and ethyl acetate were used as media for HCl-catalyzed synthesis of HMF. FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies were used for analysis. The synthesis yield and selectivity were investigated to optimize variables such as fructose concentration, catalyst dosage, temperature, irradiation power, solvent, and the reaction atmosphere. It was found that the yield in the organic media was superior to that of the aqueous ones. In addition, nitrogen atmosphere favored higher yield than air, due to lack of HMF oxidation. As conclusion, the highest yields of the conventional, ultrasonicated and microwave-assisted reactions were 87, 53, and 38%, respectively. In the reactions ultrasonically promoted, the reaction time scale was highly reduced from hours to minutes. The yield was varied with treatment times, so that ultrasonication was recognized to be the best approach in terms of yield, while the microwave method was the fastest one. Selectivity varied from 60 to 90% depending the reaction media and promotion method.
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页码:1964 / 1970
页数:6
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