Laser induced memory bits in photorefractive LiNbO3 and LiTaO3

We study experimentally the formation of refractive index voxels (volume elements) in photorefractive LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystals illuminated with high irradiance femtosecond laser pulses. We used 150 fs pulses at 800 nm wavelength (energy 6–50 nJ) tightly focused inside the crystals in a single shot regime. This resulted in a formation of a micrometer size region of elevated refractive index, which may be used as memory bits in information storage/retrieval application. The maximum refractive index change of 5×10−4 was recorded in undoped LiNbO3 at an average light intensity of ∼TW/cm2 that is close to the breakdown threshold. A simple setup for photorefractive recording and in situ monitoring of the refractive index changes has been proposed.