Thermodynamic Properties of Conical Quantum Dot Modulated by External Fields and Rashba Spin–Orbit Interaction

In this paper, we present a thorough examination of several critical thermodynamic properties of a cylindrical cone-shaped GaAs quantum dot exposed to electric and magnetic fields, as well as the Rashba spin–orbit interaction. Mean energy, heat capacity, free energy, entropy, and magnetocaloric effect are among the thermodynamic characteristics investigated. To derive the eigenenergies of the system, we solve the one-particle time-independent Schrödinger equation. Following that, we assess the thermodynamic properties of the quantum dot and identify a relationship between these properties and various parameters such as temperature, magnetic field, and Rashba spin–orbit interaction parameter. We observe the mean energy first rises with temperature before stabilizing. Free energy diminishes while the heat capacity fluctuates before falling. The system's entropy stabilizes with high temperature with the maximum possible disorder. Different effects are produced by varying magnetic field strengths. Reduced intensity increases free energy and entropy while improving mean energy, heat capacity, and the magnetocaloric effect. Free energy, entropy, and entropy change are all enhanced by the Rashba spin–orbit interaction parameter, whereas heat capacity and mean energy are reduced. Our research aims to explain the behavior of these thermodynamic quantities in the system and provide a better understanding of the underlying physics of quantum systems.