Effectiveness of Multimedia Pedagogical Agents Predicted by Diverse Theories: a Meta-Analysis

被引:0
作者
Juan C. Castro-Alonso
Rachel M. Wong
Olusola O. Adesope
Fred Paas
机构
[1] Universidad de Chile,Center for Advanced Research in Education, Institute of Education
[2] Washington State University,College of Education
[3] Erasmus University Rotterdam,Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies
[4] University of Wollongong,School of Education/Early Start
来源
Educational Psychology Review | 2021年 / 33卷
关键词
Multimedia animated pedagogical agent; Cognitive load theory and cognitive theory of multimedia learning; Computers are social actors and social agency theory; Uncanny valley and action observation network; Meta-analysis;
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学科分类号
摘要
Multimedia pedagogical agents are on-screen characters that allow users to navigate or learn in multimedia environments. Several agents’ characteristics may moderate their instructional effectiveness, including appearance, gender, nonverbal communication, motion, and voice. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to test hypotheses from diverse theories predicting the effects of these agents’ characteristics. We tested predictions of cognitive load theory, cognitive theory of multimedia learning, computers are social actors, social agency theory, uncanny valley, and the action observation network. Our meta-analysis of 32 effect sizes (N = 2104) revealed a small overall effect (g+ = 0.20), showing that learning with multimedia pedagogical agents was more effective than learning without these agents. As predicted by the redundancy effect of cognitive load theory and the coherence principle of cognitive theory of multimedia learning, 2D agents (g+ = 0.38) tended to be more effective than 3D agents (g+ = 0.11). As predicted by the computers are social actors hypothesis, most of the agents’ characteristics, including nonverbal communication, motion, and voice, appeared not to moderate their effectiveness. We conclude that multimedia pedagogical agents help learning through multimedia, and that students may be able to learn similarly from different types of agents.
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页码:989 / 1015
页数:26
相关论文
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