A retrospective cohort study: evaluating the efficacy of standard versus tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in pediatric patients up to 18 years old

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is an endourological method applied as the standard or tubeless method for kidney stone treatment. In a retrospective cohort study, 88 surgery units involving 75 children up to 18 years old with kidney stones who underwent the surgery for 8 years in Shahid Beheshti and Boo-ali hospitals in Hamadan with one of the two methods of standard or tubeless PCNL were evaluated and compared considering the success rate of operation, hemoglobin, hematocrit drop, need for medications, need for blood transfusion, duration of surgery, and the length of hospital stay. Among the 88 units studied, 47 cases were operated with the standard PCNL and 41 cases by tubeless method. In children operated by standard and tubeless PCNL, the complete success rate of operation was 87.2% and 100% (P = 0.006), the need for blood transfusion was 2.1% and 0% (P = 1.00), the need for opioids was 27.7% and 14.6% (P = 0.134), the decrease in hemoglobin was - 1.82 +/- 0.94 and -1.30 +/- 0.98 mg/dl (P = 0.024), the decrease in hematocrit was - 5.40 +/- 2.66 and -3.52 +/- 3.11 mg/dL (P = 0.003), the mean surgery duration was 109.30 +/- 53.27 and 101.46 +/- 31.92 min (P = 0.414), the duration of postoperative hospitalization was 3.38 +/- 1.76 and 2.46 +/- 1.27 days (P = 0.007), and the frequency of fever was 23.4% and 7.3% (P = 0.04), respectively. The success rate of kidney stone surgery in children with the tubeless PCNL is higher than the standard method, and its complications are lower.