A Rare Case of Periprosthetic Infection Caused by Anaerobic Bacterium Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus: Case Report and Literature Review

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a major cause of failure following hip replacement surgery, setting an immense financial cost on society. Despite the fact that a variety of bacteria is incriminated for these infections, PJIs caused by anaerobic bacteria are the most devastating. leading to serious complications. Data on diagnosis and treatment of anaerobic PJIs are mainly gained from case reports, along with a few studies. Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus is a rare Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, rarely, isolated from osseous infections. There is no recent literature data reporting isolation of Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus from periprosthetic joint infections. The purposes of this case report are to present a rare periprosthetic joint infection caused by an anaerobic bacterium (Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus), provide details on diagnosis and management of this coccus, and report recent literature data on periprosthetic joint infections by anaerobic bacteria.