A sensitive voltammetric morphine nanosensor based on BaFe12O19 nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrodes

Morphine is a strong opioid used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Its use is, however, associated with adverse effects including sedation, nausea, constipation, respiratory depression, and development of tolerance as well as dependence. Thus, in this work electrochemical oxidation of morphine has been done on BaFe12O19 nanoparticles of the modified electrode. BaFe12O19 nanoparticles of the modified graphite screen-printed electrode (GSPE) and the bare GSPE were compared, representing that the modified electrode takes advantages of higher sensitivities and selectivities with lower limit of detection. Differential pulse voltammetric procedure has been used to analyze data. Results indicated that linear response range and determination limit, respectively, are 0.06–600.0 µM and 0.02 μM. The modified electrode has been substantially applied to determine morphine in real specimens with acceptable outputs.