The Preparation of Ethyl Levulinate Facilitated by Flow Processing: The Catalyzed and Uncatalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid

被引：0
作者：
Meghan P. Negus
Andrew C. Mansfield
Nicholas E. Leadbeater
机构：
[1] University of Connecticut,Department of Chemistry
[2] Park Farm Business Centre,Vapourtec Ltd.
[3] University of Connecticut Health Center,Department of Community Medicine and Health Care
[4] The Exchange,undefined
来源：
Journal of Flow Chemistry | 2015年 / 5卷
关键词：
esterification; high pressure; biomass;
D O I：
暂无
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
The catalyzed and uncatalyzed preparation of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid and ethanol is presented. In the case of acid-catalyzed reactions, conditions were optimized in batch using microwave heating and then scaled-up using continuous-flow processing. Both p-toluenesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid were used as catalysts, the latter proving most amenable. For the uncatalyzed reactions, all reactions were performed under continuous-flow conditions, using apparatus capable of operating at high temperature and pressure. Optimal conditions for the uncatalyzed process required heating a 3.6-M solution of levulinic acid in ethanol at 270 °C with a residence time of 30 min.
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页码：148 / 150
页数：2
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