Determining flow rates and depths in flow splitting

To provide reliability in irrigation and other hydrotechnical systems, a sound treatment of the complex processes in dividing a turbulent flow into three or more parts is required. The author has researched changes in flow rate and in normal and critical depths at points of flow division. Formulae have been developed for determination of water discharges into channels. The formulae define the normal and critical depths along the flow that occur after separation of part of the discharge into takeoff channels. The formulae are in good agreement with laboratory tests and are recommended for calculations in irrigation systems, channels, drainage systems, filters, rain irrigation systems, lateral water channels, water systems in locks, some instances of energy absorption, energy losses in weirs, and losses in hydrotechnical structures.