Assessment of genetic diversity of sesame accessions collected from different ecological regions using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity among a collection of 52 sesame accessions representing different geographical environments, including eight Saudi landraces. A combination of seventeen primers generated a high number of alleles (365) with 100% polymorphism. The polymorphic information content (PIC) and primer discrimination power (DP) recorded overall means of 0.88 and 5.88, respectively. Genetic similarity values based on Jaccard coefficients ranged from 0.12 to 0.49, with an average similarity value of 0.30, indicating both high genetic distance and a wide genetic basis of the investigated accessions. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped 48 of 52 accessions into seven main clusters, and five accessions failed to form clusters and were separated individually. However, subclusters separated the accessions and, considering the relatedness of accessions and their geographical origin, formed distinct diversity among groups. Saudi landraces showed the widest genetic basis compared with other introduced accessions that were distributed throughout the dendrogram, indicating that agro-ecological zones were indistinguishable by cluster analysis. SRAP analysis revealed a high degree of genetic polymorphism in sesame accessions investigated and showed weak association between geographical origin and SRAP patterns. This wide genetic variability should be considered for sesame breeding programs.