(Neo-)Adjuvant treatment of malignant thymoma

Treatment of thymomas remains a challenge for oncologists as no clear evidence-based guidelines can be provided due to the lack of randomized trials. Whenever possible, surgical removal of all gross tumour remains the mainstay of every therapeutic concept. Nevertheless, despite optimal surgery, there remains a clinically relevant risk for recurrence, inevitably posing the question concerning the value of adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment-interventions. The following short review aims to provide concise information on the available data on neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in patients with thymoma, thus supporting the treating physician in advising their patients and finally reaching an informed consent.