Zoonotic origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium malariae from African apes

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作者
Lindsey J. Plenderleith
Weimin Liu
Yingying Li
Dorothy E. Loy
Ewan Mollison
Jesse Connell
Ahidjo Ayouba
Amandine Esteban
Martine Peeters
Crickette M. Sanz
David B. Morgan
Nathan D. Wolfe
Markus Ulrich
Andreas Sachse
Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer
Fabian H. Leendertz
George M. Shaw
Beatrice H. Hahn
Paul M. Sharp
机构
[1] Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Centre for Immunity,Department of Medicine
[2] Infection and Evolution,Department of Microbiology
[3] University of Edinburgh,Recherche Translationnelle Appliquée au VIH et aux Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
[4] University of Pennsylvania,Department of Anthropology
[5] University of Pennsylvania,undefined
[6] University of Montpellier,undefined
[7] INSERM,undefined
[8] Washington University in St. Louis,undefined
[9] Wildlife Conservation Society,undefined
[10] Congo Program,undefined
[11] BP,undefined
[12] Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes,undefined
[13] Lincoln Park Zoo,undefined
[14] Metabiota Inc,undefined
[15] Robert Koch Institute,undefined
[16] Helmholtz Institute for One Health,undefined
来源
Nature Communications | / 13卷
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摘要
The human parasite Plasmodium malariae has relatives infecting African apes (Plasmodium rodhaini) and New World monkeys (Plasmodium brasilianum), but its origins remain unknown. Using a novel approach to characterise P. malariae-related sequences in wild and captive African apes, we found that this group comprises three distinct lineages, one of which represents a previously unknown, highly divergent species infecting chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas across central Africa. A second ape-derived lineage is much more closely related to the third, human-infective lineage P. malariae, but exhibits little evidence of genetic exchange with it, and so likely represents a separate species. Moreover, the levels and nature of genetic polymorphisms in P. malariae indicate that it resulted from the zoonotic transmission of an African ape parasite, reminiscent of the origin of P. falciparum. In contrast, P. brasilianum falls within the radiation of human P. malariae, and thus reflects a recent anthroponosis.
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