Antidiabetic activity of a new ultralow-dose preparation of antibodies to insulin receptor β-subunit was revealed on the model of streptozotocin diabetes in rats: treatment with this preparation in a daily dose of 2.5 ml/kg (for 50 days through a gastric tube) normalized blood glucose level, restored glucose tolerance in the oral glucose test and body weight gain, and improved animal survival. By its hypoglycemic activity and effect on glucose tolerance the preparation was not inferior to classical drugs for the treatment of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus insulin (12 U/kg) and glybenclamide (8 mg/kg).