Open challenges in sol–gel science and technology

Focusing on three different applications of sol–gel functional materials holding the potential to replace widely employed commercial products with significant economic and technical benefits, this study offers an original perspective on open challenges in sol–gel material science and technology. The applications discussed were selected on the basis of their societal and economic relevance and do not intend to represent the field of sol–gel material in general. The conclusions, however, are of general value and will hopefully aid young researchers and new companies to succeed in their efforts to commercialize chemical innovations based on sol–gel-derived functional materials.