Academic Freedom as a Defensive Right

被引：0
作者：
Monika Stachowiak-Kudła
Sina Westa
Catarina Santos Botelho
Ildikó Bartha
机构：
[1] Warsaw School of Economics,Collegium of Management and Finance
[2] University of Warsaw,Erfurt School of Education
[3] University of Erfurt,Porto Faculty of Law
[4] Universidade Católica Portuguesa,MTA
[5] University of Debrecen,DE Public Service Research Group and Faculty of Law and Political Studies
来源：
Hague Journal on the Rule of Law | 2023年 / 15卷
关键词：
Academic freedom; Negative and positive freedom; Defensive rights; Freedom of scientific research; Freedom to teach; Fundamental rights;
D O I：
暂无
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Ensuring the proper implementation of academic freedom can be difficult both for policymakers and university authorities. Hence, great emphasis should be given to the defensive function of academic freedom. In this paper, we analyse the legal regulations and the jurisprudence of the constitutional courts of Germany, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, and Spain. We identify who is the holder of academic freedom, how the defensive function of academic freedom works and what academic activities are being protected. The study shows that individual countries emphasise slightly different aspects of the defensive function of academic freedom but remain unanimous on the essence of this function. As academic freedom is not defined unequivocally in most constitutions and legal frameworks, constitutional courts play a significant role in shaping its defensive function.
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页码：161 / 190
页数：29
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