The N3 is sensitive to odd–even congruency information in arithmetic fact retrieval

This study investigated the behavioral and electrophysiological effects elicited by adults’ simple addition verification when false answers agree or disagree with the odd–even status of the correct sum (parity congruency vs. parity incongruency), while they are near or far from correct (small vs. large splits). Event-related brain potentials were recorded from 18 students using a first-answer-then-problem paradigm. The results showed that odd–even congruency had a significant effect on the N3 latency with a small, but not a large split. Specifically, odd–even congruent answers with a small split elicited an N3 with a longer latency. Analyses of RT similarly indicated a bigger parity-congruency effect with small-split answers compared with large-split answers. This pattern parallels the corresponding effects on N3 and confirms that the N3 is sensitive to odd–even information in arithmetic fact retrieval and that there are clear links between the event-related brain potential pattern and behavioral effects.