Deep learning-based modelling of pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is one of the thermochemical methods used to produce value-added products from biomass. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is frequently used to examine the energy potential and thermal behavior of biomass, coal, and their blends. The investigation of the TGA data using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is one of the most important research areas in recent years. While there are different research papers on the use of Machine Learning (ML) in this field, there is a lack of systematic application of deep learning (DL) algorithms. As such, we applied DL algorithms together with ML algorithms to evaluate the predictive performance of thermal behaviors of proposed bioenergy sources. Thermal behavior of tomato, pepper, eggplant, squash, and cucumber harvest wastes, the equal mass (20%) mixture of them, and the blends of the mixture with coal in the ratios of 20, 33, and 50% under nitrogen atmosphere were investigated by the TGA and ML models. Based on the pyrolysis thermal behavior of the harvest wastes, the eggplant, pepper, tomato, and 5-biomass mixture had the highest conversion potential. According to the thermal behavior of co-pyrolysis of coal and harvest waste mixtures, it had positive effects on pyrolysis conversion degrees and temperature range compared to the coal, and therefore, they can be used as alternative sources for energy production. The MSE and R2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R^2$$\end{document} scores of Bi-directional LSTM demonstrate that an improved performance can be obtained with DL based solutions. Promising results were obtained when the Bi-directional LSTM is applied for modeling the pyrolysis.