A Distributed Border Surveillance (DBS) System for Rectangular and Circular Region of Interest with Wireless Sensor Networks in Shadowed Environments

Border surveillance is indeed one of the most pertinent applications of wireless sensor networks, primarily used for security purposes such as intrusion detection in border regions or protected areas. In order to detect unauthorized access or penetration through the region of interest, sensor nodes are deployed to form barriers, that acts as the performance metric of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a Distributed Border Surveillance (DBS) system incorporating shadowing effects is proposed for a wireless sensor network deployed in a rectangular region of interest. The DBS system evaluates the number of required barriers to monitor the given region and conserves energy. Besides, a log-normal shadowing model is considered, which incorporates the asymmetry in sensing range along with the stochastic nature of wireless channels. The performance of the proposed DBS system is analyzed based on the number of barriers obtained. Then, the impact of various network and system parameters such as the number of nodes, sensing range of nodes, height and width of the network region on the number of barriers obtained in a rectangular region are analyzed. The same approach is extended for a circular region of interest in terms of sensing range of nodes. The proposed system is implemented in NS-2.35 simulator, and it is found that the performance of the proposed DBS system is 75% better than the existing binary sensing range model-based DBS system.