The diagnostic role of salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory status and their relationship in periodontitis stage III and grade C

Periodontitis is bacterial infection characterized by persistent inflammation, damages connective tissue and alveolar bone destruction. The present study performed to investigate that the salivary levels could be associated with progression of periodontitis so that they used as biological markers of this disease. In this study, Twenty-nine periodontitis patients were recruited from periodontology service. Control groups are consisting of twenty-eight subjects. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl proteins (CP), as well as inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, and immune IgA biomarkers were measured in saliva. Our results revealed that salivary MDA and carbonyls levels were significantly greater (P < 0.001), while TAC, GSH and uric acid were attenuated in periodontitis patients as compared to controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, high TNF-α, Il1-β and IgA levels (P < 0.001) were observed. Positive and significant correlations were noticed between probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival index (GI) and assessed biomarkers. Whereas, negative correlations were observed between TAC, CAT and GSH and clinical assessments. Therefore, MDA and CP were positive and significantly correlated with TNF-α, Il1-β. In conclusion, our results show positive association between oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are major modulators of the inflammatory response in stage III and grade C periodontitis. Moreover, these salivary biomarkers could be utilized as a major asset for early diagnosis and their relation with severe periodontitis.