Antimicrobial stewardship programs in European pediatric intensive care units: an international survey of practices

Antibiotic therapy represents one of the most common interventions in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). This study aims to describe current antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) in European PICUs. A cross-sectional survey distributed to European pediatric intensive care physicians through the European Society of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care (ESPNIC) Infection, Inflammation, and Sepsis Section, to members of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Intensive Care, of the Pediatric Reanimation and Emergency Care French Group, and to European physicians known to be involved in antimicrobial stewardship programs. Responses from 60 PICUs across 12 countries were analyzed. Fifty three (88%) stated that ASP was implemented. The main interventions considered as ASP were the pharmacokinetic monitoring of antimicrobials (n = 41, 77%) and the development of facility-specific clinical practice guidelines (n = 40, 75%). The most common team composition of antimicrobial stewardship program included a pediatric infectious disease physician, a pharmacist, and a microbiologist (n = 11, 21%).