First assessment of the PM10 and PM2.5 particulate level in the ambient air of Belgrade City

被引：0

作者：

Rajšić S.F. ^{[1
,2
]}

Tasić M.D. ^{[1
]}

Novaković V.T. ^{[1
,2
]}

Tomašević M.N. ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Environmental Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics

来源：

Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2004年 / 11卷 / 3期

关键词：

Mass concentration; Meteorological parameters; Traffic pollution; Urban air quality;

D O I：

10.1007/BF02979670

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Intention, Goal, Scope, Background. As the strong negative health effect of exposure to the inhalable particulate matter PM10 in the urban environment has been confirmed, the study of the mass concentrations, physico-chemical characteristics, sources, as well as spatial and temporal variation of atmospheric aerosol particles becomes very important. Objective. This work is a pilot study to assess the concentration level of ambient suspended particulate matter, with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm, in the Belgrade central urban area. Average daily concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have been measured at three representative points in the city between June 2002 and December 2002. The influence of meteorological parameters on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations was analyzed, and possible pollution sources were identified. Methods. Suspended particles were collected on Pure Teflon filters by using a Mini-Vol low-volume air sampler (Airmetrics Co., Inc.; 5 l min-1 flow rate). Particle mass was determined gravimetrically after 48 h of conditioning in a desiccator, in a Class 100 clean room at the temperature T = 20°C and at about 50% constant relative humidity (RH). Results and Discussion. Analysis of the PM10 data indicated a marked difference between season without heating - (summer; mean value 56 μg m-3) and heating season - (winter; mean value 96 μg m3); 62% of samples exceeded the level of 50 μg m-3. The impact of meteorological factors on PM concentrations was not immediately apparent, but there was a significant negative correlation with the wind speed. Conclusions. The PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations in the Belgrade urban area had high average values (77 μg m-3 and 61 μg m-3) in comparison with other European cities. The main sources of particulate matter were traffic emission, road dust resuspension, and individual heating emissions. When the air masses are coming from the SW direction, the contribution from the Obrenovac power plants is evident. During days of exceptionally severe pollution, in both summer and winter periods, high production of secondary aerosols occurred, as can be seen from an increase in PM2.5 in respect to PM10 mass concentration. Recommendation and Outlook. The results obtained gave us the first impression of the concentration level of particulate matter, with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm, in the Belgrade ambient air. Due to measured high PM mass concentrations, it is obvious that it would be very difficult to meet the EU standards (EEC 1999) by 2010. It is necessary to continue with PM10 and PM2.5 sampling; and after comprehensive analysis which includes the results of chemical and physical characterization of particles, we will be able to recommend effective control measures in order to improve air quality in Belgrade.

引用

页码：158 / 164

页数：6

共 25 条

[11] Longley I., Gallagher M., Dorsey J., Flynn M., Allan J., Alfarra M., Inglis D., A case study of aerosol (4.6 nm<Dp<10 μm) number and mass size distribution measurements in a busy street canyon in Manchester, UK, Atmos Environ, 37, pp. 1563-1571, (2003)
[12] Lu H., Fang G., Estimating the frequency distributions of PM10 and PM 2.5 by the statistics of wind speed at Sha-Lu, Taiwan, Sci Total Environ, 298, pp. 119-130, (2002)
[13] Mage D., Ott W., An evaluation of the method of fractals, moments and maximum likelihood for estimating parameters when sampling air quality data from a stationary lognormal distribution, Atmos Environ, 18, pp. 163-171, (1984)
[14] Manoli E., Voutsa D., Samara C., Chemical characterization and source identification/ apportionment of fine and coarse air particles in Thessaloniki, Greece, Atmos Environ, 36, pp. 949-961, (2002)
[15] Marcazzan G., Vaccaro S., Valli G., Vecchi R., Characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter in the ambient air of Milan (Italy), Atmos Environ, 35, pp. 4639-4650, (2001)
[16] Marcazzan G., Valli G., Vecchi R., Factors influencing mass concentration and chemical composition of fine aerosols during a PM high pollution episode, Sci Total Environ, 298, pp. 65-79, (2002)
[17] Qin Y., Oduyemi K., Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol in Dundee, UK, Atmos Environ, 37, pp. 93-104, (2003)
[18] Querol X., Alastuey A., Plana F., Rodriguez S., Plana F., Ruiz C., Cots N., Massague G., Puig O., PM10 and PM2.5 source apportionment in the Barcelona Metropolitan area, Catalonia, Spain, Atmos Environ, 35, pp. 6407-6419, (2001)
[19] Saitoh K., Sera K., Hirano K., Shirai T., Chemical characterization of particles in winter-night smog in Tokyo, Atmos Environ, 36, pp. 435-440, (2002)
[20] Samara C., Kouimtzis Th., Tsitouridou R., Kanias G., Simeonov V., Chemical mass balance source apportionment of PM10 in an industrialized urban area of Northern Greece, Atmos Environ, 37, pp. 41-54, (2003)

← 1 2 3 →