Research into high-energy nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics at the Radium Institute is briefly reviewed. The history of cosmic-ray research is outlined, from the early years of the Institute, as well as the history of research on high-energy physics. The basic work on nuclear astrophysics, cosmochronology, and astrochemistry is described. Research at the Institute on direct nuclear reactions, nuclear fragmentation and multifragmentation, deeply inelastic nuclear processes, nuclear fission at high exciting energies, nuclide formation at the limit of stability, multiple particle formation in relativistic internuclear reactions, and other topics is considered. Scientific and methodological accomplishments are noted.