Tuning the Composition of Hydroxyapatite/Holmium Oxide/Graphene Oxide Mixed Systems for Biomedical Applications

The study is involved the three biocompatible ingredients Hydroxyapatite (HAP), holmium oxide (Ho2O3), and graphene oxide (GO) which were used for different nanocomposites formation, such as single, binary, and ternary nanocomposites. XRD histogram reported HAP poorer crystallinity than Ho2O3 composition, while FTIR analysis confirms the chemical composition of the different studied composites. Additionally, XPS resultant data reported a highly ternary oxygenated nanocomposite. EDX offers additional confirmation of pure composition without impurities. Moreover, HAP appeared in a rod-like shape. Also, TEM microstructure screening offers grain size reduction upon ternary composite HAP/Ho2O3/GO with an average grain size of 20 nm. The HAP/Ho2O3 and HAP/Ho2O3/GO exhibit the highest Rp, Rv values with (12.04 and 10.05 nm), (24.18, 19.48 nm), respectively. Moreover, the study offers surface area by BET was about 40.23, and 46.28 m2/g merging the three components shows the germicidal behavior peak with 14.3 ± 0.3 mm for E. coli and 15.4 ± 0.5 mm for S. aureus. As well, cell viability records 96.9 ± 0.3%. Additionally, mechanical results tend ternary composite usage biologically.