Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Overactive Bladder With a Focus on Interferential Therapy

The application of various forms of neuromodulation has become more common and has been reported to be effective for stress and urgency urinary incontinence. In clinical practice, external (vaginal, anal, and surface electrodes) and internal stimulation (sacral nerve stimulation) are popular treatment modalities. However, appropriate treatment strategies using various neuromodulation techniques with or without pelvic floor muscle training or anticholinergics are still unclear. Further studies are needed not only to elucidate modes of action and to choose the optimal modality to improve results, but also to understand the appropriate indication and reduce morbidity and invasiveness. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.