GIS-Based Assessment of Soil Loss using AHP with RUSLE model: A Case Study of Kaushambi-Prayagraj Watershed in the Ganga Basin, U.P. (India)

Surface soil loss is the major environmental problem faced by farmers in the agriculture sector regarding productivity. This research paper demonstrates the prone soil loss zones using GIS tools, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model conducted to assess soil loss, whereas, hematic layers were created using data gathered from climate conditions, geology maps, remote sensing imageries, field observations, and laboratory analyses. A conceptual methodology was constructed to implement the model across the watershed area in the Ganga basin near the Kaushambi-Prayagraj region. Based on the Land Degradation Vulnerability Index (LDVI), the whole watershed area was categorized into four classes area such as low loss (135163.7 ha), moderate loss (114864.9 ha), high loss (56240.8 ha), and severe loss (25675.5 ha). The AUC of the LDVI (84.3%) and CR value of AHP (0.061) are indicating the high accuracy of the outcome. Whereas, average annual soil loss in (tons/ha/year) the watershed area was found as low soil loss (49.64%), moderate soil loss (27.92%), high soil loss (17.35%), and severe soil loss (5.09%). The qualitative and quantitative soil loss-prone areas would be helpful for proper management strategies to mitigate soil erosion and enhance agricultural productivity in the region.