Presentations to an urban emergency department in Switzerland due to acute γ-hydroxybutyrate toxicity

[1] Busardo FP(2015)GHB pharmacology and toxicology: acute intoxication, concentrations in blood and urine in forensic cases and treatment of the withdrawal syndrome Curr Neuropharmacol 13 47-70

[2] Jones AW(2012)The clinical toxicology of γ-hydroxybutyrate, γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol Clin Toxicol (Phila) 50 458-70

[3] Schep LJ(2001)Adverse events, including death, associated with the use of 1,4-butanediol N Engl J Med 344 87-94

[4] Knudsen K(2004)Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: neurobiology and toxicology of a recreational drug Toxicol Rev 23 3-20

[5] Slaughter RJ(2016)Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of γ-hydroxybutyrate in healthy subjects Br J Clin Pharmacol 81 980-8

[6] Vale JA(2006)Clinical features of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone toxicity and concomitant drug and alcohol use Drug Alcohol Depend 81 323-6

[7] Megarbane B(1998)Clinical course of γ-hydroxybutyrate overdose Ann Emerg Med 31 716-22

[8] Zvosec DL(1993)Dose-dependent absorption and elimination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in healthy volunteers Eur J Clin Pharmacol 45 353-6

[9] Smith SW(2009)Concentration-time profiles of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in blood after recreational doses are best described by zero-order rather than first-order kinetics J Anal Toxicol 33 332-5

[10] McCutcheon JR(2004)Pharmacokinetics and excretion of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in healthy subjects J Anal Toxicol 28 625-30

[1] Busardo FP(2015)GHB pharmacology and toxicology: acute intoxication, concentrations in blood and urine in forensic cases and treatment of the withdrawal syndrome Curr Neuropharmacol 13 47-70

[2] Jones AW(2012)The clinical toxicology of γ-hydroxybutyrate, γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol Clin Toxicol (Phila) 50 458-70

[3] Schep LJ(2001)Adverse events, including death, associated with the use of 1,4-butanediol N Engl J Med 344 87-94

[4] Knudsen K(2004)Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: neurobiology and toxicology of a recreational drug Toxicol Rev 23 3-20

[5] Slaughter RJ(2016)Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of γ-hydroxybutyrate in healthy subjects Br J Clin Pharmacol 81 980-8

[6] Vale JA(2006)Clinical features of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone toxicity and concomitant drug and alcohol use Drug Alcohol Depend 81 323-6

[7] Megarbane B(1998)Clinical course of γ-hydroxybutyrate overdose Ann Emerg Med 31 716-22

[8] Zvosec DL(1993)Dose-dependent absorption and elimination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in healthy volunteers Eur J Clin Pharmacol 45 353-6

[9] Smith SW(2009)Concentration-time profiles of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in blood after recreational doses are best described by zero-order rather than first-order kinetics J Anal Toxicol 33 332-5

[10] McCutcheon JR(2004)Pharmacokinetics and excretion of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in healthy subjects J Anal Toxicol 28 625-30