Effect of bisphenol A on morphology and apoptosis in the mammary gland of adult Wistar rats

Background: The environmental factors affect the health of human beings by direct and indirect exposure. One of the factors is bisphenol A (BPA) which is used in the manufacturing of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of BPA on mammary gland in female Wistar rats by histological and immunohistochemistry process. Females were administered BPA orally (5, 50, 300, 600, and 800 mg BPA/kg bw/week) for 90 days. The control groups received olive oil only. Result: BPA induced a decrease in the number of ducts and fibrous collagenous connective tissue and was increased in non-pregnant, but the number of ducts and connective tissue showed no significant changes in cesarean and post-term females. Immunohistochemical results showed a significant increase in apoptotic color in non-pregnant whereas, in cesarean and post-term, no significant color was observed. Conclusion: The study concludes that BPA induced structural changes and affected the mammary gland.