Effects of Virtual Reality Simulator Training Method and Observational Learning on Surgical Performance

[21] Ritter EM(2007)Teaching suturing and knot-tying skills to medical students: a randomized controlled study comparing computer-based video instruction and (concurrent and summary) expert feedback Surgery 141 442-449

[22] Champion H(2001)The effects of practice and instruction on speed and accuracy during resident acquisition of simulated laparoscopic skills Curr Surg 58 230-235

[23] Seymour NE(2004)The role of knowledge of results frequency in learning through observation J Mot Behav 36 62-70

[24] Sturm LP(2007)Verbal feedback from an expert is more effective than self-accessed feedback about motion efficiency in learning new surgical skills Am J Surg 193 105-110

[25] Windsor JA(1992)Effects of the model’s skill level on observational motor learning Res Q Exerc Sport 63 25-29

[26] Cosman PH(2006)The intention superiority effect in motor skill learning J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 32 491-505

[27] Hogle NJ(2000)Instruction versus passive observation: a randomized educational research study on laparoscopic suture skills Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10 319-322

[28] Widmann WD(2008)Implicit motor learning in surgery: implications for multi-tasking Surgery 143 140-145

[29] Ude AO(2005)Skill retention following proficiency-based laparoscopic simulator training Surgery 138 165-170

[30] Snyder CW(2006)Laparoscopic skills are improved with LapMentor training: results of a randomized, double-blinded study Ann Surg 243 854-860

[21] Ritter EM(2007)Teaching suturing and knot-tying skills to medical students: a randomized controlled study comparing computer-based video instruction and (concurrent and summary) expert feedback Surgery 141 442-449

[22] Champion H(2001)The effects of practice and instruction on speed and accuracy during resident acquisition of simulated laparoscopic skills Curr Surg 58 230-235

[23] Seymour NE(2004)The role of knowledge of results frequency in learning through observation J Mot Behav 36 62-70

[24] Sturm LP(2007)Verbal feedback from an expert is more effective than self-accessed feedback about motion efficiency in learning new surgical skills Am J Surg 193 105-110

[25] Windsor JA(1992)Effects of the model’s skill level on observational motor learning Res Q Exerc Sport 63 25-29

[26] Cosman PH(2006)The intention superiority effect in motor skill learning J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 32 491-505

[27] Hogle NJ(2000)Instruction versus passive observation: a randomized educational research study on laparoscopic suture skills Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10 319-322

[28] Widmann WD(2008)Implicit motor learning in surgery: implications for multi-tasking Surgery 143 140-145

[29] Ude AO(2005)Skill retention following proficiency-based laparoscopic simulator training Surgery 138 165-170

[30] Snyder CW(2006)Laparoscopic skills are improved with LapMentor training: results of a randomized, double-blinded study Ann Surg 243 854-860