Water quality assessment of various drinking water sources in some urban centres in Enugu, Nigeria: estimating the human health and ecological risk

被引:4
作者
Ucheana, Ifeanyi Adolphus [1 ,2 ]
Ihedioha, Janefrances Ngozi [1 ]
Abugu, Hillary Onyeka [1 ]
Ekere, Nwachukwu Romanus [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nigeria, Dept Pure & Ind Chem, Nsukka, Nigeria
[2] Univ Nigeria, Cent Sci Lab, Nsukka, Nigeria
关键词
Heavy metals; Physicochemical properties; Health risk assessment; Ecological risk assessment; Table water; Municipal water; Ground water; HEAVY-METALS; GROUNDWATER; AREA; CONTAMINATION; NSUKKA; GRAINS; SOLD;
D O I
10.1007/s12665-024-11628-9
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The water qualities of the table, municipal and groundwater sources in some parts of Enugu State, Nigeria, were examined to determine their suitability for drinking. A total of 12 physicochemical properties (PCPs) and 9 heavy metal (HM) concentrations, distributions, source analysis, health, and ecological risks were evaluated. The water samples were collected in triplicate from 28 sampling locations from December 2021 to February 2022. The HMs were quantified using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and titrimetric analysis. The mean HM values ranged within 0.0286 +/- 0.0324-13.6067 +/- 35.582, 0.0268 +/- 0.0370-2.7450 +/- 1.8666, and 0.0097 +/- 0.0157-0.7718 +/- 0.5080 mg/L in table, municipal and groundwater, respectively. Mean concentrations of Fe, Cd, Pb, and Ni were above recommended WHO/NIS standards in all water samples. For PCPs, the mean turbidity values for table and groundwater and all mean pH values of groundwater were above safe limits. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) and the Hazard Index (HI) for oral exposures in adults and children to HM were < 1. However, all HQ and HI for Cd dermal exposure in children for all drinking water sources were > 1. Source analysis and ecological risk assessments confirmed that HM pollution was of both geogenic and anthropogenic origins. Ecological assessments also revealed that pollution levels ranged from low risk of Ni concentrations in table water to very severe risk for Cd levels in groundwater.
引用
收藏
页数:30
相关论文
共 98 条
[1]   Health risk of phthalates in water environment: Occurrence in water resources, bottled water, and tap water, and burden of disease from exposure through drinking water in tehran, Iran [J].
Abtahi, Mehrnoosh ;
Dobaradaran, Sina ;
Torabbeigi, Marzieh ;
Jorfi, Sahand ;
Gholamnia, Reza ;
Koolivand, Ali ;
Darabi, Hossein ;
Kavousi, Amir ;
Saeedi, Reza .
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2019, 173 :469-479
[2]   Hydrochemical Assessment of the Rivers Adada and Obinna in Enugu, Nigeria, for Irrigational Application [J].
Abugu, Hillary Onyeka ;
Alum, Ogechi Lilian ;
Ekere, Nwachukwu Romanus ;
Eze, Ifeanyi Samson ;
Ucheana, Ifeanyi Adolphus ;
Ezugwu, Arinze Longinus ;
Ihedioha, Janefrances Ngozi .
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING, 2023, 149 (05)
[3]   Hydrochemical evaluation of river Ajali water for irrigational application in agricultural farmland [J].
Abugu, Hillary Onyeka ;
Egwuonwu, Pamela Favour ;
Ihedioha, Janefrances Ngozi ;
Ekere, Nwachukwu Romanus .
APPLIED WATER SCIENCE, 2021, 11 (04)
[4]  
Adjei Joseph K, 2022, Toxicol Rep, V9, P1398, DOI 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.011
[5]  
Ajala S, 2022, Dataphyte
[6]   A survey of organic contaminants in household and bottled drinking waters in Kuwait [J].
Al-Mudhaf, Humood F. ;
Alsharifi, Faisal A. ;
Abu-Shady, Abdel-Sattar I. .
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 2009, 407 (05) :1658-1668
[7]   Hydrogeological potential and qualitative assessment of groundwater from the Ajali Sandstone at Ninth mile area, southeastern Nigeria [J].
Aleke, C. G. ;
Okogbue, C. O. ;
Aghamelu, O. P. ;
Nnaji, N. J. .
ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES, 2016, 75 (04) :1-16
[8]   Quality assessment of groundwater in an agricultural belt in eastern Nigeria using a Water Quality Index [J].
Alum, Ogechi L. ;
Okoye, Chukwuma O. B. ;
Abugu, Hillary O. .
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AQUATIC SCIENCE, 2021, 46 (03) :304-318
[9]   Characterization of the Hydrochemistry, Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies, and Irrigation Suitability of the Water of the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji [J].
Alum, Ogechi Lilian ;
Abugu, Hillary Onyeka ;
Onwujiogu, Vivian Chinekwu ;
Ezugwu, Arinze Longinus ;
Egbueri, Johnbosco C. ;
Aralu, Chiedozie Chukwuemeka ;
Ucheana, Ifeanyi Adolphus ;
Okenwa, Jude Chukwudi ;
Ezeofor, Chidinma Christiana ;
Orjiocha, Samuel Ibezim ;
Ihedioha, Janefrances Ngozi .
SUSTAINABILITY, 2023, 15 (12)
[10]  
Amah J.I., 2016, Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., V7, P32