Assessments of some metals contamination in lipsticks and their associated health risks to lipstick consumers in Iran

被引:0
作者
Hassan Malvandi
Faegheh Sancholi
机构
[1] Hakim Sabzevari University,Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
[2] Sabzevar University of New Technology,Department of Environmental Engineering
来源
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2018年 / 190卷
关键词
Cosmetics; Limits; Toxic; Heavy metal; Risk assessment; Gorgan;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
In this study, the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium in lipstick samples were evaluated. The samples were from different brands and produced in different countries. The average lead, cadmium, and chromium concentrations in all lipstick samples were 1.851, 0.017, and 4.300 mg kg−1 ww, respectively. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium among the brands (p < 0.05). The concentrations of the measured elements in the brands did not exceed the values of the international standards provided for lipstick. The values of hazard quotient (HQ), health risk index (HI), relative intake index (RII), and estimated daily intake (EDI) indices were calculated. The results of the HQ and HI indices showed that in more than 50% of the lipstick brands, there is a potential threat to consumer health due to the presence of these elements in lipstick. Therefore, it can be concluded that, due to the simultaneous use of lipstick with other types of cosmetics and hence the potential exposure of consumers to toxic elements through all cosmetics, continuous monitoring of the concentrations of these elements in these types of products is necessary to avoid potential health risks.
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