An experiment to search for dark-matter interactions using sodium iodide detectors

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机构：
[1] Sejong University,Department of Physics
[2] Yale University,Department of Physics
[3] University of São Paulo,Physics Institute
[4] Seoul National University,Department of Physics and Astronomy
[5] Bandung Institute of Technology,Department of Physics
[6] University of Sheffield,Department of Physics and Astronomy
[7] Institute for Basic Science (IBS),Center for Underground Physics
[8] Ewha Womans University,Department of Science Education
[9] Sungkyunkwan University,Department of Physics
[10] University of Wisconsin-Madison,Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
[11] Kyungpook National University,Department of Physics
[12] Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science,IBS School
[13] University of Science and Technology (UST),Department of Accelerator Science
[14] Korea University,Department of Physics
[15] University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,Department of Physics and Astronomy
[16] Northwestern University,Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Department of Physics
[17] High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK),Department of Physics and Astronomy
[18] University of Washington,undefined
[19] University of British Columbia,undefined
[20] Vancouver,undefined
来源：
Nature | 2018年 / 564卷
关键词：
Dark Matter Interactions; Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP); WIMP Nucleon; Model-independent Test; DAMA Collaboration;
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摘要：
Observations of galaxies and primordial radiation suggest that the Universe is made mostly of non-luminous dark matter1,2. Several new types of fundamental particle have been proposed as candidates for dark matter3, such as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs)4,5. These particles would be expected to interact with nuclei in suitable detector materials on Earth, for example, causing them to recoil. However, no definitive signal from such dark-matter interactions has been detected despite concerted efforts by many collaborations6. One exception is the much-debated claim by the DAMA collaboration of a statistically significant (more than nine standard deviations) annual modulation in the rate of nuclear interaction events. Annual modulation is expected because of the variation in Earth’s velocity relative to the Galaxy’s dark-matter halo that arises from Earth’s orbital motion around the Sun. DAMA observed a modulation in the rate of interaction events in their detector7–9 with a period and phase consistent with that expected for WIMPs10–12. Several groups have been working to develop experiments with the aim of reproducing DAMA’s results using the same target medium (sodium iodide)13–17. To determine whether there is evidence for an excess of events above the expected background in sodium iodide and to look for evidence of an annual modulation, the COSINE-100 experiment uses sodium iodide as the target medium to carry out a model-independent test of DAMA’s claim. Here we report results from the initial operation of the COSINE-100 experiment related to the first task18,19. We observe no excess of signal-like events above the expected background in the first 59.5 days of data from COSINE-100. Assuming the so-called standard dark-matter halo model, this result rules out spin-independent WIMP–nucleon interactions as the cause of the annual modulation observed by the DAMA collaboration20–23. The exclusion limit on the WIMP–sodium interaction cross-section is 1.14 × 10−40 cm2 for 10-GeV c−2 WIMPs at a 90% confidence level. The COSINE-100 experiment will continue to collect data for two more years, enabling a model-independent test of the annual modulation observed by the DAMA collaboration.
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页码：83 / 86
页数：3
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