Comparison Between β-Cyclodextrin-Amygdalin Nanoparticle and Amygdalin Effects on Migration and Apoptosis of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

Amygdalin is an herbal cyanoglycoside that has an anti-tumor effect. The utilization of this compound encounters various challenges results from releasing hydrogen cyanide. Apparently, the nano-formulation approach can increase its therapeutic effects. The β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a cyclic oligosaccharide is widely used in drug delivery. In this study, we aimed to nano-formulate the amygdalin by β-cyclodextrin in order to increase its effect on MCF-7 cell line. The synthesized β-CD-Amygdalin nanoparticle size, surface morphology, and chemical structure were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. Also, we calculated the drug loading (DL), entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug releases. The MTT assay, wound-healing assay, real-time PCR, and flow cytometry assays were carried out to evaluate the β-CD-Amygdalin and amygdalin effects on cell viability, migration, expression of migration-related genes, and apoptosis, respectively. The results showed that the nanoparticle synthesized in the mean diameter of 54.94 nm with − 27.9 mV zeta potential, uniformity of shape, and expected structure. The DL and EE values were calculated in 17.5% and 90%. A slow curve of the amygdalin release profile with two burst release times in 6 h and 48 h was observed. The cellular and molecular evaluation of β-CD-Amygdalin and amygdalin effects on MCF-7 cells revealed that the β-CD-Amygdalin had greater effects than amygdalin. In conclusion, these results suggest that the nanoformulation of amygdalin with β-CD may elevate amygdalin therapeutic efficacy.